Java is an object oriented
multi paradigm structured and imperative programming language developed by
oracle to cater the need of specifically designed circumstances. Based on the
Write Once and Runs Anywhere concept, java codes running in one platform need
not be configured again to run in another platform. This is the greatest
advantage of java being a platform independent language. A Java application
runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) platform regardless of computer
architecture, proving the platform independent factor. For client server
applications, java is the most popular computer language so far due to its
smooth work flow and less number of complicacies.
Initially developed at Sun
Microsystems by James Gosling in 1995, Java is a combination of C & C++ to
support both the structure as well as object oriented functions. Later Oracle
took over the Sun Microsystems, so Java now is the property of Oracle. Based on
the open platform technology, Java is under the GNU General Public License
scheme termed as Free & Open Source Software (FOSS) that makes it so
powerful to customize any sorts of things. Originally developed in 1991, Java
was mainly designed for interactive television programs but, thought that was
miles away from the then cable network system. Initially termed as Oak, later
it became Green, finally Java inspired from Java Coffee Beans, a favorite for
Java developers. With the advent of Java 2, multiple configurations building
for various platforms became easier, thus came the popular boards like J2EE,
J2ME aimed differently for desktop as well as mobile interface creation.
In terms of properties of Java,
it is object oriented, robust, secure, architecture neutral, portable, dynamic,
threaded, interpreted and with high performance. Having all such rare
facilities, Java became programmer’s delight. For example, one of the greatest
strengths of Java is portability. It means a computer program written in Java
language can run in any system of any hardware and of any type of operating
system. This happens only in java as it compiles the code into Java byte code
instead of a platform specific machine code. Also, the library used in Java has
generic features like graphics, threading etc.
In terms of performance, java
programs are a bit slower and consume more memory than a C++ program, but the
execution speed of Java is far better because of the introduction of Just in
Time compiler. Later, with the significant introduction of Java Virtual
Machine, inner class, StringBuffer class, hotspot etc. has made Java a
programmers’ obvious choice. Another significant development is there are
certain platforms that offer direct hardware support for Java. In detail, there
are some micro controllers that can run java as hardware, deviating
traditionally from software even from JVM. The automatic garbage controller for
memory management is also a big plus in Java. Java runtime is responsible to
recover the memory when objects are no longer in use and this helps Java to be
faster. Garbage collection is another strong feature of Java and it happens
when a program is in idle state. It is automatically triggered when the memory
space is lesser and some amount of space is required to allocate a new object.
Hotspot is such a garbage collector in Java which uses the concurrent mark
sweep collector or CMS concept. Oracle is working to replace this age old
hotspot running in CMS by Garbage First Collector concept. Making a deviation or
modification, Java does not support the pointer function like C or C++.
Java Applets are programs those
are embedded in other applications mainly in the web pages and Java Servlet
technology gives an option to web developers to extend the functions of a web
server by a simple and consistent mechanism. Java Servlets are server side java
components for response generation from the client side more or less same like
Java Server Pages or JSP. Java Swing is a GUI or graphical user interface
library for the Java SE platform. All these features has made Java as one of
the leading programming languages that can be employed anywhere without any
hindrances.
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