Posted by Bhavesh Joshi
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Wednesday, January 23, 2013
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10 Internet Commands are as follows:
1.
Date: When we type the Date command and press enter, it will
display the current date in the format mm-dd-yy, (here mm belongs to months, dd
belongs to day and yy belongs to year), and it will ask for new date.
Example:
Current date is Thu 03-16-2001
Enter new date (mm-dd-yy)
Here, it will ask you to change
the date, if you want to change it.
2.
Time: When we type the Time command and press enter, it will display
the current time in the format HH:MM:SS.MS, (here HH belongs to Hour, MM
belongs to Minute and SS belongs to Second), and it will ask for new time.
Example:
Current time is 12:10:45.56
Enter new time: Here, it will
ask you to change the time, if you want to change it.
3.
DIR Command: The main function of DIR command is to display
the list of files and directories (folders). It displays the whole information
including file name, extension, size, date, time and attributes of the files
and directories. For all this you have to simply type the Dir and Press enter.
It has some forms:
1) DIR/P: Used for page wise
listing of directories and files.
2) DIR/W: Used for seeing the
entries the sub directories width wise.
3) DIR/S: Used for seeing the
sub directories and files.
4.
MD Command: it is used for creating new directory Syntax
is: MD
For Example - if you want to
create a directory (folder) named TechKoW then MD TechKoW
If the path is not given then,
the directory will be created in the current drive.
5.
CD Command: This command is used to switch from one
directory (folder) to another. That is, it is used to change the directory. The
syntax is C:\> CD
For Example- If you want to go inside the TechKoW
directory C:\> CD TechKoW
C:\ TechKoW> It shows that
now you are in TechKoW directory. To exit/come out of this directory, just type CD..
6.
RD Command: This command is used to remove the directories or
subdirectories. To use it, it is necessary that directory or subdirectory which
you are going to remove or delete is empty.
C:\>RD
For Example: If you are in TechKoW
directory, and you want to remove English sub-directory from it, it is
essential to remove all the subdirectories of English first, then only you can
remove English through command - RD
English
7.
Copy Command: The copy command is one of the most versatile
of internal commands. The copy command is used to make duplicate of the
original. The copy command syntax is
C>COPY
Ex. To make a duplicate copy of
a file called by the name first.txt as second.txt
C:>COPY FIRST. TXT
SECOND.TXT
8.
Delete Command: The delete command is used for remove or erase
the file from disk just like as we dispose of unwanted paper files from file
folder. The delete command syntax is
C:\>DEL
Ex. Suppose we remove a file
first.txt from the disk so we enter the flowing command on prompt C:\>DEL FIRST.TXT
9.
Rename Command: The rename command (or REN for short) can
change a file's name or extension or both. The rename command has two
parameters:
REN
oldname is the name of existing
file and newname is new name for old file.
Ex. REN FIRST.TXT HELLO.TXT
10.
PATH Command: The path command tells DOS where to look for
command file if its not in the current directory or Internal Command (transient
portion of Command.com). The DOS PATH command allows you to specify several
subdirectories that DOS will travel in search of external commands. For Example
type the following command on prompt
C:\>PATH=C:\DOS;C:\VVS5::\FOX2
DOS search for command in the
current path; then in the DOS directory followed by VVS5 and FOX2 directory.
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10 External Commands are as follows:
1. CHKDSK: The CHKDSK command allows you to find out if your disk
contains changes of lost clusters. When DOS writes information to disk, an
error can occur. Although it is rare, but CHKDSK command can help you in
correcting these errors. CHKDSK will examine disk and display following
information
The total amount of disk.
Disk volume name.
The no. Files and directories
and disk space occupied.
Disk space free for storage.
The chkdsk command has the
following syntax:
C:\>CHKDSK [volume[[path]
filename]]] [/F] [/V]
volume Specifies the drive letter, mount point, or volume name filename
FAT/FAT32 only: Specifies the
files to check for fragmentation
/F Fixes errors on the disk
/V On FAT/FAT32: Display the
full path and name of every file of disk.
2.
DISKCOPY: The disk copy, command makes an exact duplicate of the
original disk. If the disk (target) to be copied is not formatted (remember,
the disk needs to be prepared before use), it will format the disk and copy the
contents of the original disk (called as source disk) sector by sector. Disk
copy works only with disks of same size and capacity. The diskcopy command has
three parameters
C:\>DISKCOPY
/V Verifies that the
information is copied correctly.
3.
XCOPY: The XCOPY command is one of the most versatile of external
command. The xcopy command is used to Copies files and directory trees. The
xcopy command syntax is
XCOPY source [destination]
source Specifies the file(s) to
copy.
destination Specifies the
location and/or name of new files or directory.
/P
Prompts you before creating each destination file.
/S Copies
directories and subdirectories except empty ones.
/E Copies
directories and subdirectories, including empty ones. Same as /S /E may be
used to modify /T.
/V Verifies
each new file.
/W Prompts you to press a key
before copying.
/T Creates directory structure,
but does not copy files Does not include empty directories or subdirectories.
/T /E includes empty
directories and subdirectories.
/-Y Causes prompting to confirm
you want to overwrite an existing destination file.
4.
Diskcomp: The diskcomp command compares contents of two disks,
sectors by sector. If diskcomp command locates errors. The diskcomp command has
two parameters
C> DISKCOMP
Sort: the sort command will be
use full when we want to arrange (sort) the content of a file or lines of input
and send them to output (display). Output can be redirected to a file or
device. If we don't specify any parameters with command, then the lines of
input will be sorted in ascending order (means numerically from lowest to
highest and alphabetically from A to Z). the syntax of sort command is as
follows
SORT /R /+
/R (reverse) sorts the lines of
input or file in reverse order.
/+
sorting the lines of input or file from the specified position, rather than
starting from the first column. To sort a specified file, we have to redirect
the input of the sort command flowed by the file name with the input
redirection operator <. C:\>sort hello.txt
5.
Find:
The find command searches for text specified in one or more files. If we enter
the command without parameter it filters all lines containing the specified
text and display all the lines that contain specified text in the file or
files. The find command and its parameters are as follows:
Find /v /c /n /1 <"text
to search">
/V Displays
all lines NOT containing the specified string.
/C
Displays only the count of lines containing the string.
/N
Displays
line numbers with the displayed lines.
/I Ignores
the case of characters when searching for the string. "string"
specifies the text string to find.
Ex. C:\> find
"Navkar" first.txt
6.
DOSKEY Command: This command is initiated by typing DOSKEY and
pressing enter. This command stores all DOS commands typed from the DOS prompt
into the memory buffer. Any commands in the buffer are recalled by using Up or
Down arrow key to list each command in the order they are stored. DOSKEY uses
about 4KB of RAM. C:\> DOSKEY
Doskey installed
DOSKEY command keys:
Up/downArrow Recall DOS commands
F7 Displays a history of commands
Alt+F7 Clears the history of
command
F8 Search the history of
command
F9 Select a command by the
number displayed using F7.
7.
TREE Command. Tree is a command that displays all directory
pathnames on the specified disk. An optional /F parameter is available to let
you display file names. Syntax is: TREE [drive:][path] [/F] [/A]
/F Display the names of the
files in each folder.
/A Use ASCII instead of
extended characters.
8.
MOVE Command: The MOVE command is a command used to move a
directory and one or more files from one location to another on the same disk.
You can also change the name of the moved directory and/or files using the MOVE
command. The MOVE command prompts you before overwriting an existing file
having the same name.
MOVE [/Y /-Y]
[drive:][path]dirname1 dirname2
[drive:][path]filename1 Specifies the location and name of the file
or files you want to move.
Destination Specifies the new location of the file.
[drive:][path]dirname1 Specifies the directory you want to rename.
dirname2 Specifies the new name of the directory.
/Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you wants
to overwrite an existing destination file. Causes prompting to confirm you want
to overwrite an existing destination file.
/-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to
overwrite an existing destination file.
By this command we can move a
directory.
For example- MOVE C:\techkow1\file1.txt
C:\techkow
This command moves a file named file1.txt from
the \techkow1 directory to the techkow directory.
C:\> MOVE \DIR123\NEWDIR123
This command moves the
directory named \DIR1 23 to a new directory named \NEWDIR123.
9.
FORMAT: The FORMAT DOS Command is used to create a new root
directory and file allocation table for the disk. It can also check for
bad/damaged sectors on the disk and also delete all the data on the disk.
FORMAT volume [/FS:file-system]
[/V:label] [/Q] [/A:size] [/C] [/X]
FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q] [/F:size]
FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/C)]
[/T:tracks /N:sectors]
FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q]
FORMAT volume [/Q]
Volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a
colon), mount point, or volume name.
/FS: filesystem Specifies the
type of the file system (FAT, FAT32, or NTFS).
/V: label Specifies the volume
label.
/Q Performs a quick format.
/C NTFS only: Files created on
the new volume will be compressed by default.
/X Forces the volume to
dismount first if necessary. All opened handles to the volume would no longer
be valid.
/A: size Overrides the default
allocation unit size. Default settings are strongly recommended for general
use.
/F:size Specifies the size of the floppy disk to
format (1.44)
/T:tracks Specifies the number of tracks per disk
side.
/N:sectors Specifies the number of sectors per track.
10.
FDISK Command: FDISK stands for "fixed disk" an
older term for the hard disk. FDISK command is used to partition your hard
drive. FDISK will first ask you if you want to use all available space for the
new partition. FDISK have 2048 Megabytes as the default partition size even if
you have more available space on your hard drive. If this value is OK, FDISK
will automatically make your new partition and set it active. If you need to
change the default size of your partition, you will have to go back and
manually make it active. FDISK can also be used to delete partition. This
command can also be used to display the partition information for the system.
10.
FDISK Command: FDISK stands for "fixed disk" an
older term for the hard disk. FDISK command is used to partition your hard
drive. FDISK will first ask you if you want to use all available space for the
new partition. FDISK have 2048 Megabytes as the default partition size even if
you have more available space on your hard drive. If this value is OK, FDISK
will automatically make your new partition and set it active. If you need to
change the default size of your partition, you will have to go back and
manually make it active. FDISK can also be used to delete partition. This
command can also be used to display the partition information for the system.
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